Year 10 - Geography
Primary and secondary effects and responses to tectonic hazards
Natural and tectonic hazards
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This pupil-friendly study guide includes a unit summary, clear notes, common mistakes, and quick questions with answers.
Unit Summary
This unit teaches pupils about natural and tectonic hazards, their location, causes and effects. Pupils learn about the different types of hazard before focusing on earthquakes and volcanoes. Pupils will learn about tectonic processes, hazard impacts and the options for mitigation and adaptation.
Lesson Summary
You will learn to explain the difference between primary and secondary effects of a tectonic hazard, and between immediate and long-term responses to a tectonic hazard.
Key Notes
- Earthquakes have primary and secondary effects (impacts).
- There are short-term (immediate) and long-term responses to earthquakes.
- Volcanic eruptions have primary and secondary effects (impacts).
- There are short-term (immediate) and long-term responses to volcanic eruptions.
Vocabulary To Learn
- primary effect: impacts that occur instantly and as a direct result of the earthquake or volcanic eruption
- secondary effect: impacts that follow as a consequence of the earthquake or volcanic eruption in the hours, days and weeks that follow
- immediate response: action taken during and immediately after a hazard event that focuses on surviving the hazard and providing short-term relief
- long-term response: action that focuses on rebuilding after the tectonic hazard and reducing risks from future hazards
Common Mistakes To Avoid
- Primary effects always cause the most damage.
3 Quick Questions (With Answers)
1. Explain this geography topic using two clear key points.
Earthquakes have primary and secondary effects (impacts). There are short-term (immediate) and long-term responses to earthquakes.
2. Define this geography term and use it in an example. 'primary effect'
impacts that occur instantly and as a direct result of the earthquake or volcanic eruption.
3. Correct this common geography misunderstanding.
Mistake: Primary effects always cause the most damage. Correction: Sometimes it is the secondary effects of a hazard that cause the most destruction, for example mudslides following a volcanic eruption.
More Lessons In This Unit
- An example of effects and responses to a tectonic hazard in an HIC Study Guide
- An example of effects and responses to a tectonic hazard in an LIC Study Guide
- An introduction to natural hazards Study Guide
- Factors affecting hazard risk Study Guide
- Global distribution of earthquakes and volcanoes Study Guide
- Plate tectonics theory Study Guide
- Processes at conservative plate margins Study Guide
- Processes at constructive/divergent plate margins Study Guide
- Processes at destructive/convergent plate margins Study Guide
- Reducing risks from earthquakes and volcanoes Study Guide
- Using GIS to visualise physical processes at different types of plate margin Study Guide
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