Year 10 - Science
Adrenaline, thyroxine and negative feedback
Coordination and control: hormones and the human endocrine system
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This pupil-friendly study guide includes a unit summary, clear notes, common mistakes, and quick questions with answers.
Unit Summary
This unit explores hormonal control by the endocrine system, including blood sugar regulation by insulin and glucagon, and the roles of thyroxine and adrenaline. It covers the importance of maintaining a stable internal environment and compares types 1 and 2 diabetes and their treatments.
Lesson Summary
You will learn to describe the roles of the hormones adrenaline and thyroxine in the human body, and explain what is meant by negative feedback.
Key Notes
- The hormone adrenaline is secreted by the adrenal gland during stress; it causes the body to prepare for rapid action.
- The hormone thyroxine is secreted by the thyroid gland; it controls growth and the rates of chemical reactions in cells.
- The pituitary gland secretes hormones that can control other glands.
- The pituitary gland secretes TSH, which causes the thyroid gland to secrete thyroxine.
- Thyroxine causes the pituitary gland to stop secreting TSH; this is an example of negative feedback.
Vocabulary To Learn
- adrenaline: A hormone secreted by the adrenal glands in times of fear or stress.
- thyroxine: A hormone secreted by the thyroid gland that stimulates the basal metabolic rate.
- negative feedback: A mechanism where changes to conditions cause an action to reverse the change, keeping conditions stable.
- gland: An organ or tissues that produces and secretes substances, such as hormones.
Common Mistakes To Avoid
- Negative feedback only works to reverse high levels back to normal.
3 Quick Questions (With Answers)
1. Explain the scientific idea in this lesson using two key points.
The hormone adrenaline is secreted by the adrenal gland during stress; it causes the body to prepare for rapid action. The hormone thyroxine is secreted by the thyroid gland; it controls growth and the rates of chemical reactions in cells.
2. Define this scientific word and use it in context. 'adrenaline'
A hormone secreted by the adrenal glands in times of fear or stress. Include the word in a full scientific explanation, not as a single label.
3. Correct this common scientific misunderstanding.
Mistake: Negative feedback only works to reverse high levels back to normal. Correction: The slide deck has several slides where changes are described as being high and low and there is a CFU question in the final learning cycle that specifically assesses this misconception.
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