Year 10 - Physical education
Joints and their movements
Anatomy and physiology: the musculoskeletal system
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This pupil-friendly study guide includes a unit summary, clear notes, common mistakes, and quick questions with answers.
Unit Summary
This unit will examine the structure and function of both the skeletal and the muscular systems. It includes locating major bones and muscles before defining and analysing what movements are possible at different joints.
Lesson Summary
You will learn to describe the movements that occur at different types of joints.
Key Notes
- A hinge joint only allows flexion and extension to occur.
- A ball and socket joint allows all types of movement.
- Flexion and extension occur at the shoulder, elbow, hip and knee joints.
- Abduction and adduction occur at the shoulder and hip joints.
- Rotation and circumduction only occur at the shoulder, whilst plantar flexion and dorsiflexion only occur at the ankle.
Vocabulary To Learn
- flexion: a bending movement around a joint (decreasing the angle)
- extension: a straightening movement around a joint (increasing the angle)
- abduction: moving a limb away from the midline of the body
- adduction: moving a limb towards the midline of the body
- circumduction: moving a limb in a circular motion
Common Mistakes To Avoid
- Students may mix up rotation and circumduction.
3 Quick Questions (With Answers)
1. Explain the lesson in two key points.
A hinge joint only allows flexion and extension to occur. A ball and socket joint allows all types of movement.
2. What does this key word mean in this lesson? 'flexion'
a bending movement around a joint (decreasing the angle).
3. Correct this common mistake.
Mistake: Students may mix up rotation and circumduction. Correction: When you rotate the shoulder joint, you draw a dot with your hand (if the elbow is fully extended) whereas circumduction draws a circle.
More Lessons In This Unit
- Bones and structure of the skeleton Study Guide
- Classification of bones Study Guide
- Classification of bones applied to performance in physical activities and sports Study Guide
- Classification of joints Study Guide
- Different joints and their movements Study Guide
- Movements possible at different joints Study Guide
- Muscles and antagonistic pairs Study Guide
- Muscles of the body and antagonistic pairs Study Guide
- Structure and function of the skeleton Study Guide
- Structure of a synovial joint Study Guide
- Synovial joint structure and function Study Guide
- The functions of the skeleton Study Guide
- Types of muscle and muscle fibre Study Guide
- Types of muscle contraction (isometric, concentric and eccentric) Study Guide
- Voluntary muscles and antagonistic pairs Study Guide
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