Year 11 - Geography
Top-down strategies to reduce global inequalities
Jakarta: case study of a major city in an emerging country
Study Hub
Study Guides
This pupil-friendly study guide includes a unit summary, clear notes, common mistakes, and quick questions with answers.
Unit Summary
This unit teaches pupils about the development, importance and characteristics of Jakarta, an emerging country. Pupils will study the opportunities and challenges associated with the growth of the city, considering issues such as housing, services, the environment and sustainability.
Lesson Summary
You will learn to describe the advantages and disadvantages of top-down strategies used to reduce global inequalities.
Key Notes
- Top-down and bottom-up strategies to reduce global inequalities differ in scale, aims, funding and technology.
- Strategies such as foreign direct investment contribute to globalisation, but some countries benefit more than others.
- Foreign direct investment by TNCs can lead to large-scale, economic change; but profits leak and jobs may be short-term.
- Loans from IGOs for large infrastructure projects can deliver technological solutions, but also risk debt problems.
Vocabulary To Learn
- transnational corporation: TNCs are firms that own or control productive operations in more than one country
- intergovernmental organisation: IGOs are established by a treaty or agreement between countries pursuing a common goal, e.g. World Bank
- globalisation: the increased interconnectedness of the world, economically, politically and culturally
Common Mistakes To Avoid
- The 'global shift' of manufacturing industries from developed to emerging and/or developing countries was a one-off movement of jobs.
3 Quick Questions (With Answers)
1. Explain this geography topic using two clear key points.
Top-down and bottom-up strategies to reduce global inequalities differ in scale, aims, funding and technology. Strategies such as foreign direct investment contribute to globalisation, but some countries benefit more than others.
2. Define this geography term and use it in an example. 'transnational corporation'
TNCs are firms that own or control productive operations in more than one country.
3. Correct this common geography misunderstanding.
Mistake: The 'global shift' of manufacturing industries from developed to emerging and/or developing countries was a one-off movement of jobs. Correction: TNCs continue to seek locations with the lowest wages, meaning the loss of manufacturing jobs from emerging countries is possible; so some of the benefits of FDI may only be short-term.
More Lessons In This Unit
- Challenges caused by rapid urban population growth: housing Study Guide
- Challenges caused by rapid urban population growth: services Study Guide
- Effects of population growth on spatial growth, functions and land use Study Guide
- Location and national, regional and global context of Jakarta Study Guide
- Opportunities for people living in the city Study Guide
- Strategies for achieving sustainability: 'bottom-up' strategies Study Guide
- Strategies for achieving sustainability: 'top-down' strategies Study Guide
- The structure of Jakarta Study Guide
- Trends and causes of population growth in Jakarta Study Guide
- Urban patterns in Jakarta Study Guide
Browse all guides in the Year 11 Geography guide library.