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Year 11 - History

Opposition and resistance in Nazi Germany

Weimar and Nazi Germany, 1918–39

Unit Summary

In this unit, pupils study a modern society and the issues that affected it in great depth over a shorter period. They learn about the key events, developments, people and stories that shaped this modern society over a period of around twenty to thirty years.

Lesson Summary

You will learn to evaluate the extent of opposition and resistance to the Nazi regime.

Key Notes

  • The Nazis had high levels of support and conformity; it is difficult to gauge the scale of opposition.
  • Resistance came from scattered groups: workers, youth, clergy, and individuals acting in secret.
  • The Protestant Confessional Church formed in opposition to the Reich Church; its leader, Niemöller, was imprisoned.
  • The Pope attacked Hitler with a public letter; Catholic priests fought against euthanasia of people with disabilities.
  • The Swing Youth and Edelweiss Pirates resisted Nazi control through music, fashion, and secret actions.

Vocabulary To Learn

  • compliance: when people obey rules or authority, even if they don't fully agree, to avoid trouble or punishment
  • conform: to behave according to the usual standards of behaviour that are expected by a group or society

Common Mistakes To Avoid

  • Most Germans strongly supported the Nazis.

3 Quick Questions (With Answers)

1. Summarise this historical learning in two key ideas.

The Nazis had high levels of support and conformity; it is difficult to gauge the scale of opposition. Resistance came from scattered groups: workers, youth, clergy, and individuals acting in secret.

2. Define this history term and explain why it matters in this topic. 'compliance'

when people obey rules or authority, even if they don't fully agree, to avoid trouble or punishment.

3. Correct this common history misconception using evidence language.

Mistake: Most Germans strongly supported the Nazis. Correction: Many complied out of fear, peer pressure, or survival - not necessarily belief. Resistance was dangerous, but still present in different forms across society.

More Lessons In This Unit

Browse all guides in the Year 11 History guide library.