Study Guides

Unit Summary

In this unit, pupils learn to form each of the four joins without lead ins. They practise using diagonal and horizontal strokes to connect letters and identify 'break letters' that do not join. Pupils also learn how to form looped descenders and how to end a join with a lead out.

Lesson Summary

You will learn to correctly form the fourth join.

Key Notes

• The letters are formed by following the right starting point and direction.
• The fourth join goes from the x-height line up towards the ascender line.
• The letter f has a lead in and a lead out loop for joining.
• The pencil does not lift in between the beginning and end of a letter string or word.
• The letters l, k and f all reach up to the ascender line.

Vocabulary To Learn

• join: how things connect
• lead out: the stroke or line that guides us to smoothly finish a letter
• ascender line: this is the top line of the tramlines
• x-height line: the line that x-height letters reach
• loop: a rounded shape made in certain letters

Common Mistakes To Avoid

• Children can struggle with the shape and size of the loop for the lead in and lead out when joining the letter f.

3 Quick Questions (With Answers)

More Lessons In This Unit

• Looped descenders and break letters Study Guide
• Review of the four joins with no lead ins Study Guide
• The first join: ag, ac, na and to with no lead in Study Guide
• The first join: en, ud and ir with no lead in Study Guide
• The first join: id, ig, ed, eg with no lead in Study Guide
• The fourth join: rl, rk and rt with no lead in Study Guide
• The fourth join: wl, oh and ot with no lead in Study Guide
• The second join: ck, ch, nk, lk with no lead in Study Guide
• The second join: el, mb, at and tt with no lead in Study Guide
• The second join: il, it, ik, ul with no lead in Study Guide
• The third join: on, om, ow, oi with no lead in Study Guide
• The third join: oo, og, wa and wo with no lead in Study Guide
• The third join: os, rm, wi with no lead in Study Guide