Year 10 - Physical education
The cardiac cycle
Anatomy and physiology: the cardio-respiratory system
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This pupil-friendly study guide includes a unit summary, clear notes, common mistakes, and quick questions with answers.
Unit Summary
This unit will examine the structure and function of both the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. It includes the correct anatomical names and location of different chambers, valves and blood vessels as well as the pathway of air through to the alveoli and how gaseous exchange occurs.
Lesson Summary
You will learn to describe the mechanics of a heartbeat.
Key Notes
- The cardiac cycle consists of two main phases: diastole and systole.
- Diastole is the phase when the heart chambers relax and fill with blood.
- Systole is the phase when the heart chambers contract and pump blood out at high pressure.
- The septum divides the left and right sides of the heart to prevent oxygenated blood mixing with deoxygenated blood.
Vocabulary To Learn
- cardiac cycle: the sequence of events in a heartbeat, including contraction and relaxation phases
- systole: when the heart is contracting causing ejection of blood
- diastole: when the heart is relaxing and filling with blood
Common Mistakes To Avoid
- The ba-dum of the heart beat represents the left then right side contracting.
3 Quick Questions (With Answers)
1. Explain the lesson in two key points.
The cardiac cycle consists of two main phases: diastole and systole. Diastole is the phase when the heart chambers relax and fill with blood.
2. What does this key word mean in this lesson? 'cardiac cycle'
the sequence of events in a heartbeat, including contraction and relaxation phases.
3. Correct this common mistake.
Mistake: The ba-dum of the heart beat represents the left then right side contracting. Correction: The heart relaxes (diastole) to fill with blood then first phase of contraction squeezes blood from the top two atria down into the ventricles before the valves close off and then the second phase of contraction squeezes blood out of the ventricles.
More Lessons In This Unit
- A practical exploration of how the cardio-respiratory systems work together Study Guide
- A practical exploration of the pathway of blood Study Guide
- Air pathway from the atmosphere to alveoli and gaseous exchange Study Guide
- Blood vessels and blood cells Study Guide
- Blood vessels, blood cells and the vascular shunt Study Guide
- Double circulatory system and structure of the heart Study Guide
- Mechanics of breathing and interpretation of a spirometer trace Study Guide
- Structure of the cardiovascular system Study Guide
- The mechanics of breathing Study Guide
- The relationship between heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac output Study Guide
- The structure of the heart Study Guide
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