Year 10 - Physical education
The short term responses to exercise and changes in the body
Anatomy and physiology: the short and long term effects of exercise
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This pupil-friendly study guide includes a unit summary, clear notes, common mistakes, and quick questions with answers.
Unit Summary
This unit will explore the immediate responses our bodies make to cope with the effects of exercise as well as the longer term adaptations it makes in response to training that enable us to cope better with exercise and improve performance.
Lesson Summary
You will learn to identify the short-term effects of exercise on the body and apply them to sporting examples.
Key Notes
- Short-term effects of exercise on the circulatory system include increased heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac output.
- Blood is redistributed to the working muscles in response to exercise to deliver more oxygen and remove carbon dioxide.
- Respiratory rate, tidal volume and minute ventilation all increase in response to exercise.
- Our muscles increase in temperature when we exercise.
- Lactic acid is produced when we exercise at higher intensities.
Vocabulary To Learn
- lactic acid: a waste product produced in the muscle tissues during strenuous exercise where he anaerobic energy system is in use
- fatigue: muscle tiredness when the body has a lack of energy
- rate of recovery: the speed at which the body returns back to normal after exercise
- redistribution of blood: when you exercise, the blood is diverted from inactive areas to the muscles that are being used. This action is completed through vasodilation and vasoconstriction (aka the vascular shunt mechanism)
Common Mistakes To Avoid
- Pupils often mix up what changes happen in response to exercise and what changes happen as a long term adaptation to training.
3 Quick Questions (With Answers)
1. Explain the lesson in two key points.
Short-term effects of exercise on the circulatory system include increased heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac output. Blood is redistributed to the working muscles in response to exercise to deliver more oxygen and remove carbon dioxide.
2. What does this key word mean in this lesson? 'lactic acid'
a waste product produced in the muscle tissues during strenuous exercise where he anaerobic energy system is in use.
3. Correct this common mistake.
Mistake: Pupils often mix up what changes happen in response to exercise and what changes happen as a long term adaptation to training. Correction: Short-term responses of the body are what happens as soon as we start exercising to cope with it, but if we train regularly, then the body adapts to be better able to cope with the stress of exercise and hence work more efficiently in performance.
More Lessons In This Unit
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