Year 11 - Spanish
Pequeños grandes cambios: perfect and present tenses
Communication and the world around us: lugares y personas famosos
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This pupil-friendly study guide includes a unit summary, clear notes, common mistakes, and quick questions with answers.
Unit Summary
This unit furthers pupils' knowledge of the subjunctive. Pupils learn singular subjunctive forms of 'ir' and 'venir', and use the subjunctive after verbs of emotion and 'para que'. Pupils refresh and learn new impersonal verbs, and are introduced to adjectival phrases with 'lo' and an adjective.
Lesson Summary
You will learn to use the present and perfect tenses to talk about small changes that have a big impact on our lives.
Key Notes
- The perfect tense is used to express what has happened.
- To conjugate the perfect tense, use 'he', 'has', 'ha', 'hemos', 'habéis' or 'han' (from 'haber') + past participle.
- To form the past participle of regular verbs, remove the -ar/-er/-ar and add -ado (-ar verbs) or -ido (-er/-ir verbs).
- Remember to use the correct ending to refer to the right person in the present tense.
Vocabulary To Learn
- perfect tense: tense used to express what has happened, e.g. 'I have listened', 'I have bought'
- haber: special verb that helps form the perfect tense in Spanish, translated as 'have, has' in English, e.g. 'I have lived', 'he has spoken'
- auxiliary: verb that helps form part of a 2-verb tense structure
- past participle: form of a verb used to form the perfect tense, e.g. 'listened', 'bought'
Common Mistakes To Avoid
- All past participles in Spanish end in -ado (-ar verbs) or -ido (-er/-ir verbs).
3 Quick Questions (With Answers)
1. Explain what you can now say or understand in this lesson.
The perfect tense is used to express what has happened. To conjugate the perfect tense, use 'he', 'has', 'ha', 'hemos', 'habéis' or 'han' (from 'haber') + past participle.
2. Define this key language word and use it in context. 'perfect tense'
tense used to express what has happened, e.g. 'I have listened', 'I have bought'. Say or write it in a short sentence so you use the word actively.
3. Correct this common language-learning mistake.
Mistake: All past participles in Spanish end in -ado (-ar verbs) or -ido (-er/-ir verbs). Correction: Although most Spanish past participles do follow these regular patterns, some verbs have irregular past participles which just need to be learnt, e.g. 'escrito' ('written'), 'visto' ('seen'), 'hecho' ('done'), 'dicho' ('said').
More Lessons In This Unit
- ¿Adónde fuiste? Extended writing Study Guide
- ¿Adónde vamos? Role-play, read aloud Study Guide
- ¿Cómo fue?: preterite 'ir' and 'ser' Study Guide
- ¿Qué hay que ver? Impersonal uses of verbs Study Guide
- Buenas intenciones: subjunctive after 'para que' Study Guide
- El viaje de fin de curso: irregular verbs, uses of 'dar' Study Guide
- En países donde se habla español: -ar present tense 2nd persons Study Guide
- Guernica - una obra de arte única: indefinite adjectives and pronouns Study Guide
- Libros y pelis: extended writing Study Guide
- Lo mejor de todo: 'lo' + adjective Study Guide
- Planes de viaje: photo description, conversation practice Study Guide
- Planes de viaje: subjunctive after verbs of emotion Study Guide
- Una visita especial: translation, transcription Study Guide
- Vidas famosas - Frida Kahlo: indirect object pronouns in 2-verb structures Study Guide
Browse all guides in the Year 11 Spanish guide library.